Historically, France’s policies in the Black Sea region were more of a side effect of its EU enlargement, Russia, or Middle East policies. Its engagement was more ad hoc than calculated. But, after Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Paris changed its approach drastically. It is now active multilaterally through the EU, NATO, and the UN, and bilaterally with Black Sea countries, backing their energy diversification away from Russia and investing in Moldova and Ukraine, among other things.

Continuarea, aici.