Romania and Poland’s presidents met in Warsaw earlier this month with a bold agenda item: expanding the Bucharest 9 security format to include Scandinavian countries. But would a B11 or B12 strengthen NATO’s eastern flank — or dilute it further?

Antonia-Laura Pup in a new Briefing Note for hashtag#CISES examines whether expanding this decade-old minilateral format is an act of innovative diplomacy or a foreign policy misstep — and argues that Warsaw and Bucharest should instead focus on closing the security gap in the Black Sea region.

Read more below 👇

hashtag#NATO hashtag#EasternFlank hashtag#EuropeanSecurity hashtag#Geopolitics